Light Science

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, commonly known as BDNF, is one of the most widely studied proteins in neuroscience. It participates in the way neurons develop, communicate and adapt to activity. Researchers studying photobiomodulation (PBM) have examined whether certain red and near-infrared...

For transcranial photobiomodulation, one of the most important scientific questions is also one of the most basic: How much light can travel through the scalp and skull, and where does that light go? The short answer is that some red...

Neural oscillations are measurable patterns of electrical activity produced by groups of neurons. They are associated with processes such as sensory perception, attention, movement, learning, and sleep. However, these associations do not mean that a particular frequency functions as a...